Friday, September 4, 2020

Qualitative Empirical Research in Strategic Management

Question: Examine about the Qualitative Empirical Research in Strategic Management. Answer: Presentation Vehicle organizations has been selling cars for a wide scope of clients. They manage quality and security as their primary bit of leeway. They thought of value boundaries in the area defaced by low quality. The organization likewise gives their clients embellishments alongside vehicles too. Along these lines to guarantee better comprehension of the clients the organizations should discuss the impacts of speeding and how it very well may be alleviated. There are a few difficulties like the falling of the business deals and extreme misfortunes looked in the downturn time frames around mid nineties. There is likewise a nearby fight for piece of the overall industry conspicuousness. The understanding that how speeding can affect a people life and prosperity can assist us with seeing how a technique can be figured for the organization to help in understanding the issues of speeding. The investigation of this circumstance shows that there is an advantage for each individual. This advantage can be viewed as a boundary and help for this battle (Helfat and Mitchell, 2015). This is accordingly more spotlight on the bravura, extravagance and execution. There are likewise issues of firms that can give better mileage at lower costs. The examination can be better clarified through the showcasing blend of 4P and 7P investigation. Advertising Mix Organizations essentially manages car business. In any case, it step by step executed its idea to accomplish something more than vehicle mammoths can move into. They printed their considerations, thoughts and perspectives to succeed their fantasies and further they seek to grow the business worldwide with great quality items at reasonable value (Mellahi and Frynas, 2015). Subsequently the specialty is through extraordinary vehicles that have been made and different advancements like the auditable arrangement observing technique. So as to flexibly items pertinent to nearby client base these organizations need to give independence to neighborhood chiefs and yet everything ought not be decentralized. Thus for this situation the item is vehicles that have a flare for speed and are well known for speeding. (Mellahi and Frynas, 2015) Cost The most significant boundary to expound the crusade for such social issues must be the value requirement. The evaluating must be minimal effort since the vast majority of the battle must be around the CSR subsidize for a corporate. Therefore the cost must perceive the vehicle to be adaptable and with incredibly high entrance. Cost must be diminished on pennants and stands. Hence an online networking effort will be appropriate for this there is additionally a need to comprehend the adequacy of the battle which should be lined up with the expenses and the technique to tap the crusade once more (Helfat and Mitchell, 2015). To structure vehicles and an all around created stockroom organize in significant areas of the nation. They are therefore venturing into a nation where there is more development and extension. Likewise most definitely cards are as yet a standard in Japanese culture and elements for vehicle organizations (Helfat and Mitchell, 2015). The crusade must include every single social medium mediums. These can be enrolled as recordings on gateways like YouTube. There could be video crusades via web-based networking media destinations like Facebook too. The other thought is to utilize a compelling technique around a spot and point at the viability of driving securely (Slack, 2015). Advancement Since most recent 20 years organization it is the main car producer over the globe .Now it is the ideal chance to build up card processing plant in China inside coming time. The advancements must be adjusted to the Chinese schedule and guarantee full similarity with it (Ackermann, 2013). The advancement must be compelling and effective. It ought to have high reachability and high versatility. The thought is to guarantee better reachability and effective administration of assets and to have a mindful media crusade (Slack, 2015). Physical Evidence The physical proof is the viability of the arrangement and the diminished number of mishaps. The mishaps hence decreased must be successful in working up the arrangement base. The organizations that are universally worked, began as family legacies and afterward in the long run they became worldwide players in each part of the space. In this report we will likewise take a gander at the impact of globalization and development on this industry. We will likewise take a gander at the key business patterns. Individuals This angle must be utilized to guarantee the individuals who don't have eagerness to work are adjusted appropriately. The outcomes should be assessed and therefore the outcomes must be driven by more clear and grave picture. There could be ways how controlling should be possible successfully a large portion of it is around the measurements of execution and target consummation (Peppard, 2016). The job culture as delineated can be looked as a section and bars that help a structure (Eisner 2014). These segments assume a crucial job in unraveling issues for the associations and any one leaving this may crack the structure. The individual may leave however the job proceeds and should be topped off by someone else. This culture shares various factors in a similar manner as Webers portrayal of the perfect kind administration (Norton, 2016). There are a few manners by which the executives can investigate the parts of what makes it simple for associations to work. The significant capacities that administration jars be summarized as arranging, sorting out, driving and controlling (Subramanian, 2010). Procedure The organizations that are universally worked, began as family treasures and afterward in the end they became worldwide players in each part of the space. In this report we will likewise take a gander at the impact of globalization and development on this industry. We will likewise take a gander at the key business patterns (Schilling, 2014). The quantity of years an item is legitimate has been decreased definitely therefore causing the shortening of the item lifecycle. The issue is additionally with over the top campaigning that the organizations have been accused of. They have consistently been increasingly defenseless to campaigning in different nations with political associations. End: The current situation likewise takes a gander at various littler acquisitions that the organization is taking a gander at in the 3D printing region. The organization is additionally taking a gander at the mergers when it needs to enter another market. So as to gracefully medications pertinent to neighborhood client base Toyota needs to give independence to nearby administrators and yet everything ought not be decentralized. Toyota must gander at the part of economies of scale without bargaining nearby pertinence. A potential stage can be made for the administrations and items which are privately conveyed. This polices will the organization to set up itself in Chinese market. They should in this way anticipate showcase advancement and market working in major immaculate geologies. There are sure late patterns that have affected the business in a larger number of ways than recently comprehended. A ton of organizations began as family legacies and afterward in the end they became vehicle worldwide player. In this report we will likewise take a gander at the impact of globalization and development on this industry. We will likewise take a gander at the key business patterns. The outside business investigation will take a gander at different players and different elements that are driving this industry. We will at that point take a gander at the inward organization examination and the various alternatives that this organization has for what's to come. References Subramanian, R., 2010.Strategic administration: Formulation, execution, and control. Chicago, Illinois: Irwin. Shuen, A., 2010. Dynamic capacities and key management.Strategic the executives diary, pp.509-533. Norton, D.P., 2016. Utilizing the fair scorecard as a vital administration framework. Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic administration: hypothesis: a coordinated methodology. Cengage Learning. Peppard, J., 2016.The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons. Ackermann, F., 2013.Making technique: The excursion of vital administration. Sage. Slack, N., 2015.Operations technique. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Mellahi, K. also, Frynas, G., 2015.Global vital administration. Oxford University Press. Helfat, C. what's more, Mitchell, W., 2015. Subjective experimental examination in vital management.Strategic Management Journal,36(5), pp.637-639.

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Electrostatic Precipitator Essay -- Preventing Air Pollution

The electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a machine utilized in industrial facilities, to clear out the waste strong molecule, for instance debris from the fumes gas, permitting clean fumes gas exit through the stack. The electrostatic precipitator works by utilizing first permit the fumes gas with the waste strong particles go through the Nozzle as appeared in the graph underneath. At that point the fumes gas goes through delta gas dispersion, which uniformly circulates the gas as appeared underneath in a turquoise shading, and starts experiencing the Discharge cathodes and the gatherer plates, which is appeared in the outline red and blue separately. The release terminals, which are fueled by high voltage direct current, ionize the gas alongside the other strong waste particles adversely. The gatherer plates are likewise accused of high voltage power, however it is decidedly charged, along these lines drawing in the adversely charged strong molecule, in light of the fact that opposit ely charged particles pull in. This permits the perfect fumes gas go through the opposite end, while the strong waste particles are caught in the authority plates. In the long run when there are sufficient strong waste particles gathered on the gatherer plates, the gather plates shakes off the gathered waste, where it drops to the base of the pole as appeared in the chart as â€Å"Hopper†. http://www.babcock.com/items/Documents/dryESP_illustration.jpg Numerous urban communities are right now influenced via air contamination and Hong Kong is one model. Hong Kong’s air contamination level regularly surpasses the suggested air contamination level put out by the World Health Organization, and Hong Kong’s contamination file was at â€Å"very high† implying that it surpassed 101, for 34% of the time (Hunt, 2011). Another model, when Hong Kong excee... ... tag, and loads of guideline in specific nations expecting processing plants to utilize one, it puts a heaps of stress and builds cost on the plant administrators, and might make occupations be sliced so as to purchase and work the ESP. This may influence monetary development, however then again the ESP will bring about cleaner air, and this has expanded the lodging market cost because of cleaner air (Rich 2011), which will support a languid economy, for instance in the U.S. By and large, I accept that the ESP has a for the most part positive effect on society when all is said in done. ESPs affected emphatically on nature, and wellbeing, however have the two focal points and hindrances financially. Anyway I accept that co-activities and industrial facilities have a duty to manage their contamination, since they made it in any case, despite the fact that it may take a specific measure of cash and speculation.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Biography of Lili Elbe, Pioneering Transgender Woman

Life story of Lili Elbe, Pioneering Transgender Woman Lili Elbe (conceived Einar Magnus Andreas Wegener, later Lili Ilse Elvenes; December 28, 1882†September 13, 1931) was a spearheading transgender lady. She encountered what is currently known as sexual orientation dysphoria and was one of the principal people known to get sex reassignment medical procedure, otherwise called sex affirmation medical procedure. She was additionally an effective painter. Her life was the subject of the novel and film The Danish Girl. Quick Facts: Lili Elbe Occupation: ArtistKnown For: Believed to be the main beneficiary of sex affirmation surgeryBorn: December 28, 1882 in Vejle, DenmarkDied:  September 13, 1931 in Dresden, Germany Early Life Conceived as Einar Wegener in Vejle, Denmark, Lili Elbe started life as a kid. A few sources accept that she was intersex, having some female natural attributes, however others question those reports. Some figure she may have had Klinefelter Syndrome, the nearness of at least two X chromosomes notwithstanding the Y chromosome. Decimation of clinical records leaves these inquiries unanswered. Elbe examined workmanship at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen, Denmark. There, she met artist and painter Gerda Gottlieb, who was cultivated in both workmanship nouveau and craftsmanship deco styles. Marriage and Painting Einar and Gerda became hopelessly enamored and hitched in 1904. The two of them filled in as specialists. Einar Wegener represented considerable authority in scene artworks in a Post-Impressionistic style while Gerda discovered work as a book and magazine artist. Einar showed works at the lofty Salon dAutomne in Paris, France. Around 1908, Danish entertainer Anna Larssen neglected to appear for a displaying meeting with Gerda Wegener. Via phone, the entertainer proposed that Einar wear womens garments and substitute as a model because of his fragile form. He was reluctant from the start, yet concurred after weight from Gerda. Lili later composed, I can't deny, unusual as it might sound, that I lived it up in this mask. I preferred the vibe of delicate womens apparel. I felt particularly comfortable in them from the main second. Einar before long turned into a successive model for his wifes work. Subsequent to strolling in on a displaying meeting, Anna Larssen recommended the name Lili for Einars new persona. It was before long embraced, and Lili started showing up more regularly outside of displaying meetings. The family name Elbe was later picked out of appreciation for the waterway that moves through Dresden, Germany, the site of her last medical procedures. In her life account, Lili Elbe communicated that she in the long run murdered Einar, while liberating herself, when she decided to engage in sexual relations reassignment medical procedure. In 1912, when word developed that the model for Gerdas work was really her significant other, they confronted embarrassment in their home city of Copenhagen. The couple left their nation and moved to the all the more tolerating city of Paris, France. All through the 1920s, Einar much of the time showed up at occasions as Lili. Gerda regularly introduced her as Einars sister. Before the decade's over, Lili got edgy to live as a lady. Specialists and clinicians marked Lili a schizophrenic to portray the fight among male and female. She picked May 1, 1930, as a self destruction date. In February 1930, nonetheless, she discovered that the specialist Magnus Hirschfeld may assist her with starting the change procedure. Progress Lili Elbe experienced a progression of four or five sex reassignment medical procedures starting later in 1930. Magnus Hirschfeld counseled on the methodology while gynecologist Kurt Warnekros performed them. The principal included expulsion of the balls and occurred in Berlin, Germany. Later medical procedures embedded an ovary and expelled the penis and occurred in Dresden, Germany. The arranged last activity included implantation of an uterus and development of a counterfeit vagina. A few reports developed that the specialists discovered simple ovaries in Lilis mid-region. Later in 1930, Lili got an official visa under the name Lili Ilse Elvenes. In October 1930, King Christian X of Denmark authoritatively dissolved the marriage of Einar Wegener and Gerda Gottlieb. Their splitting was friendly. Lili was at long last ready to authoritatively carry on with her life as a lady. Lili finished her vocation as a craftsman, accepting that the work as a painter had a place with Einar. She met and became hopelessly enamored with French workmanship vendor Claude Lejeune. He proposed, and the couple intended to wed. Lili trusted medical procedure would permit her to hold up under a kid to assemble a family with her significant other. Demise In 1931, Lili came back to Dresden, Germany for medical procedure to embed an uterus. In June, the medical procedure occurred. Lilis body before long dismissed the new uterus, and she experienced a disease. Medications to forestall dismissal didn't turn out to be promptly accessible until fifty years after the fact. Lili kicked the bucket on September 13, 1931 from heart failure welcomed on by the contamination. In spite of the grievous idea of her demise, Lili communicated to loved ones that she was thankful for the chance to live as a lady following the medical procedures. Pondering life after her first medical procedure, she composed, It might be said that 14 months isn't a lot, yet they appear to me like an entire and glad human life. Heritage and The Danish Girl Lamentably, numerous holes in the biography of Lili Elbe existed. Books at Germanys Institute for Sexual Research identifying with her story were crushed in 1933 by Nazi understudies. Associated shelling strikes in 1945 pulverized the Dresden Womens Clinic and its records during World War II. For analysts, the way toward arranging legend from certainty is troublesome. A lot of what is thought about Lili Elbe originates from her self-portrayal Man Into Woman distributed by Ernst Ludwig Harthern-Jacobson under the pen name Hoyer after her demise. It depends on her journals and letters. Numerous specialists accept that Lili Elbe was the main lady to get sex reassignment medical procedure. In any case, some contest the reality. Regardless of whether extraordinary or not, the medical procedure was profoundly trial during the 1930s. In 2000, creator David Ebershoff distributed his novel The Danish Girl, in light of Lili Elbes life. It turned into a universal smash hit. In 2015, the novel was made into a film of a similar name. Source Hoyer, Niels, editorial manager. Man Into Woman: An Authentic Record of a Change of Sex. Jarrold Publishers, 1933.

To Build A Fire Significance Of Words dying And Essay Example For Students

To Build A Fire: Significance Of Words biting the dust And Essay To Build A Fire: Significance Of Words biting the dust And demise To Build A Fire: Significance of Words Dying and Death The hugeness of the words biting the dust and demise in Jack Londons 1910 novel, ;To Manufacture a Fire; consistently communicates the keeps an eye on decreasing warmth and misfortune in his excursion along the Yukon trail to meet the young men at camp. London partners biting the dust with the keeps an eye on decreasing capacity to remain warm in the bone chilling Alaskan atmosphere. The fundamental characters issue gradually compounds one level at a time at long last bringing about death. We will compose a custom article on To Build A Fire: Significance Of Words biting the dust And explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The storyteller illuminates the peruser ;the man; needs close to home experience voyaging in the Yukon landscape. The old-clock cautioned the man about the cruel real factors of the Klondike. The certain fundamental character thinks about the old-clock at Sulfur Spring as ;womanish.; Along the path, ;the man; falls into a shrouded spring and endeavors to assemble a fire to dry his socks and warm himself. With his wet feet rapidly developing numb, he understands he has just one opportunity to effectively fabricate a fire or face the cruel real factors of the Yukon at one-hundred nine degrees underneath freezing. Falling snow from a tree abrogates the fire and the character acknowledges ;he had recently heard his own sentence of death.; Jack London presents demise to the peruser in this scene. The man understands ;a subsequent fire must be worked come what may. ; The keeps an eye on mind starts to go out of control with contemplations of weakness and passing when the subsequent fire comes up short. He recalls the narrative of a man who murders a cow to remain warm and imagines himself executing his canine and slithering into the remains to heat up so he can construct a fire to spare himself. London composes, a specific dread of death, dull and severe, came to him. As the man gradually freezes, he understands he is in a tough situation and can no longer rationalize himself. Recognizing he could never get to the camp what's more, would before long be hardened and dead, he attempts to clear this dreary idea from his psyche by running down the path in a final desperate attempt to siphon blood through his furthest points. The peak of the story depicts the man imagining his body totally solidified on the path. He falls into the snow thinking, he will undoubtedly freeze anyway and freezing was not as awful as individuals suspected. There were a ton more awful approaches to kick the bucket. The man drowsed off into the most agreeable and fulfilling rest he had ever known. The pooch looked on crawling nearer, filling his nostrils with the fragrance of death. Londons depiction of the man doesn't at first give the peruser the subject of biting the dust, however gradually builds up the topic as the story creates. The story doesnt notice demise until the last a few pages. The principle character changes from an excited pioneer to a dismal and edgy man. The finish of the story depicts the man tolerating his destiny and comprehends the old-clock at Sulfur River had been correct; no man must travel alone in the Klondike after fifty underneath. Commonly, short stories written in the mid 1900s regularly finish up the story with a demise or catastrophe. Londons story is no special case. This story follows the example by outlining occasions paving the way to and including passing. Postulation Statement-The hugeness of the words biting the dust and demise in Jack Londons 1910 novel, ;To Build a Fire; consistently communicates the keeps an eye on decreasing warmth and misfortune in his excursion along the Yukon trail to meet the young men at camp. . To Build A Fire Significance of Words Dying and Essay Example For Students To Build A Fire: Significance of Words Dying and Essay To Build A Fire: Significance of Words Dying and Death The hugeness of the words passing on and demise in Jack Londons 1910 novel, To Manufacture a Fire consistently communicates the keeps an eye on diminishing warmth and misfortune in his excursion along the Yukon trail to meet the young men at camp. London partners biting the dust with the keeps an eye on lessening capacity to remain warm in the bone chilling Alaskan atmosphere. The primary characters quandary gradually declines one level at a time at last bringing about death. We will compose a custom paper on To Build A Fire: Significance of Words Dying and explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The storyteller educates the peruser the man needs close to home experience voyaging in the Yukon territory. The old-clock cautioned the man about the brutal real factors of the Klondike. The sure primary character thinks about the old-clock at Sulfur River as womanish. Along the path, the man falls into a shrouded spring and endeavors to assemble a fire to dry his socks and warm himself. With his wet feet rapidly developing numb, he understands he has just one opportunity to effectively assemble a fire or face the unforgiving real factors of the Yukon at one-hundred nine degrees underneath freezing. Falling snow from a tree abrogates the fire and the character acknowledges he had recently heard his own sentence of death. Jack London presents passing to the peruser in this scene. The man understands a subsequent fire must be worked come what may. The keeps an eye on mind starts to go out of control with considerations of weakness and demise when the subsequent fire comes up short. He recalls the tale of a man who slaughters a cow to remain warm and imagines himself executing his canine and creeping into the body to heat up so he can construct a fire to spare himself. London composes, a specific dread of death, dull and abusive, came to him. As the man gradually freezes, he understands he is in a tough situation and can no longer rationalize himself. Recognizing he could never get to the camp also, would before long be hardened and dead, he attempts to clear this dismal idea from his brain by running down the path in a final desperate attempt to siphon blood through his limits. The peak of the story portrays the man imagining his body totally solidified on the path. He falls into the snow thinking, he will undoubtedly freeze anyway and freezing was not as awful as individuals suspected. There were a great deal more regrettable approaches to bite the dust. The man drowsed off into the most agreeable and fulfilling rest he had ever known. The canine looked on crawling nearer, filling his nostrils with the aroma of death. Londons depiction of the man doesn't at first give the peruser the topic of kicking the bucket, however gradually builds up the subject as the story creates. The story doesnt notice passing until the last a few pages. The fundamental character changes from an energetic pioneer to a dismal and frantic man. The finish of the story depicts the man tolerating his destiny and comprehends the old-clock at Sulfur Spring had been correct; no man must travel alone in the Klondike after fifty beneath. Commonly, short stories written in the mid 1900s frequently finish up the story with a passing or catastrophe. Londons story is no special case. This story follows the example by showing occasions paving the way to and including demise. Proposition Statement-The noteworthiness of the words passing on and demise in Jack Londons 1910 novel, To Build a Fire persistently communicates the keeps an eye on lessening warmth and misfortune in his excursion along the Yukon trail to meet the young men at camp. Classification: English .

Friday, August 21, 2020

Objectives and Targets Step for Making Music Festivals Essay

Destinations and Targets Step for Making Music Festivals - Essay Example The celebration has been distinguished to offer diverse convenience administrations to the guests or crowds through outdoors fields. The guests are likewise furnished with the chance of bringing processions just as campervan for their convenience during the celebration. Guests are additionally offered with the chance of having both on location and off-site outdoors benefits (Glastonbury Festivala, 2014). The primary goal of this undertaking incorporates the assessment of the expanding tally of guests who join in or take an interest in this Greenfield celebration. Contingent upon the assessment, venture methodologies with respect to the arrangement of fitting obliging offices to the expanding pace of crowd inflow are defined. In such manner, for pulling in the significant segment of the guests, the goals of the business are given hereunder. Game plan for settlement for the crowd of the Glastonbury Festival has consistently been a monotonous activity taking thought of the way that consistently this Greenfield celebration acquires another and expanded tally of a populace that may even cross not many millions (Glastonbury Festival). In such manner, the crowd for the settlement administration doesn't rely upon a particular sexual orientation and age. Likewise, the celebration is recognized to draw in the young to a huge degree. In such manner, the particular objective crowd for the convenience will be to draw in 40 percent of the young just as should be expected grown-ups. The particular objective crowd for the celebration will likewise contain both extravagance and great administrations. The convenience administrations are isolated based on extravagance just as a work of art with the goal that guests can have their settlement based on their inclinations (Glastonbury Festivalc, 2014; Glastonbury Festival; Guardian News and Media Limited, 2014). The convenience administrations offered in the Glastonbury celebration depends on specific factors that incorporate security, room space, access to the celebration, vehicle leaving offices andâ catering services.â

What I wish I knew as an international applicant COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

What I wish I knew as an international applicant COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Graduate admissions is competitive. Even the most proactive and organized applicants need help with their resumes, essays, and financial aid applications. Add the complexities of being an international applicant,  and the whole process can become intimidating. As someone who applied to SIPA last year as an international applicant, Ive decided to write about my thoughts and experiences while my memory of them remains.  I hope that by reading about my experience, itll help prepare  other  students who have similar backgrounds. Here are my recommendations for international applicants. Start preparing early I wish I knew about the application process much earlier so that I could make plans ahead of it and get things done in a more organized way. In order to get into a prestigious and competitive school, you might want your scores to look “pretty.” So did I. I started planning to take GRE and TOEFL tests in late June, but I wasn’t prepared for the great “demand” of taking these tests in my home country, China. As a result, I could not sit for  both exams until two  months later, and I had to take both exams in one week. Fortunately, the results were good, which gave me some relief. So, my suggestion for new applicants is to really start preparing early, especially for the GRE and TOEFL tests if you do not feel confident of them. And give yourself three to four  months to prepare all the required documents listed on the checklist  so that you won’t drive yourself nuts. Use your  resources wisely Living  in another country  prevents many  applicants from visiting SIPA  prior to applying, which can be beneficial as you can meet with admissions staff in person. I personally found it very helpful to access resources that are available online and around myself: if read carefully, you will find SIPA’s website (and this blog) provides all kinds of useful information for the application, as well as some information you might be interested in. Additionally, you can always seek help from the admissions office’s email (sipa_admission@columbia.edu) for personalized questions. I also spoke  with  one alumna in my home country about her  advice for application and her opinion on SIPA. She provided me with great insights on what I can get out of the two years and encouraged me to pursue my graduate study at the school. While SIPA alumni are located across 155 different countries, it might still be hard to find alumni  in your area. So it is  useful to know that SIPA also provides appli cants with chances to connect with its current students through its website. Translate all parts of your application I found myself lucky since my college offers official translated transcripts. Meanwhile, my recommenders were comfortable with writing letters of recommendation in English. However, some international applicants may have materials that are not in English, which should always be translated and notarized. For this concern, some appropriate ways to get things done: send them to an accredited translator, or have  a service like World Education Services translate the documents when they evaluate your materials. Which  gets back to my first point: since translation can take several weeks, you really want to start preparing for it early! Stay calm and be optimistic! “What’s the chance for international students being admitted, or  offered a  fellowship at SIPA?” is a  question I hear from other applicants often. It turns out that SIPA cares more about your personal goals and  professional and academic background than which country you came from. In fact, in my opinion, SIPA has a relatively high acceptance rate of international students. (More than 50 percent of the student body is international!) Therefore, I strongly recommend international applicants to impress the Admission Committee with your unique experiences and thoughts, instead of worrying too much. I wish you all enjoy the application process and be successful! Now that youve read my advice, click here to work on you application. [Photo By Courage Fu,  Flickr (CC BY-NC 2.0)]

What I wish I knew as an international applicant COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

What I wish I knew as an international applicant COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Graduate admissions is competitive. Even the most proactive and organized applicants need help with their resumes, essays, and financial aid applications. Add the complexities of being an international applicant,  and the whole process can become intimidating. As someone who applied to SIPA last year as an international applicant, Ive decided to write about my thoughts and experiences while my memory of them remains.  I hope that by reading about my experience, itll help prepare  other  students who have similar backgrounds. Here are my recommendations for international applicants. Start preparing early I wish I knew about the application process much earlier so that I could make plans ahead of it and get things done in a more organized way. In order to get into a prestigious and competitive school, you might want your scores to look “pretty.” So did I. I started planning to take GRE and TOEFL tests in late June, but I wasn’t prepared for the great “demand” of taking these tests in my home country, China. As a result, I could not sit for  both exams until two  months later, and I had to take both exams in one week. Fortunately, the results were good, which gave me some relief. So, my suggestion for new applicants is to really start preparing early, especially for the GRE and TOEFL tests if you do not feel confident of them. And give yourself three to four  months to prepare all the required documents listed on the checklist  so that you won’t drive yourself nuts. Use your  resources wisely Living  in another country  prevents many  applicants from visiting SIPA  prior to applying, which can be beneficial as you can meet with admissions staff in person. I personally found it very helpful to access resources that are available online and around myself: if read carefully, you will find SIPA’s website (and this blog) provides all kinds of useful information for the application, as well as some information you might be interested in. Additionally, you can always seek help from the admissions office’s email (sipa_admission@columbia.edu) for personalized questions. I also spoke  with  one alumna in my home country about her  advice for application and her opinion on SIPA. She provided me with great insights on what I can get out of the two years and encouraged me to pursue my graduate study at the school. While SIPA alumni are located across 155 different countries, it might still be hard to find alumni  in your area. So it is  useful to know that SIPA also provides appli cants with chances to connect with its current students through its website. Translate all parts of your application I found myself lucky since my college offers official translated transcripts. Meanwhile, my recommenders were comfortable with writing letters of recommendation in English. However, some international applicants may have materials that are not in English, which should always be translated and notarized. For this concern, some appropriate ways to get things done: send them to an accredited translator, or have  a service like World Education Services translate the documents when they evaluate your materials. Which  gets back to my first point: since translation can take several weeks, you really want to start preparing for it early! Stay calm and be optimistic! “What’s the chance for international students being admitted, or  offered a  fellowship at SIPA?” is a  question I hear from other applicants often. It turns out that SIPA cares more about your personal goals and  professional and academic background than which country you came from. In fact, in my opinion, SIPA has a relatively high acceptance rate of international students. (More than 50 percent of the student body is international!) Therefore, I strongly recommend international applicants to impress the Admission Committee with your unique experiences and thoughts, instead of worrying too much. I wish you all enjoy the application process and be successful! Now that youve read my advice, click here to work on you application. [Photo By Courage Fu,  Flickr (CC BY-NC 2.0)]

Thursday, June 25, 2020

MBA Mama Showing Others How to Do it All (And More!)

document.createElement('audio'); https://media.blubrry.com/admissions_straight_talk/p/www.accepted.com/hubfs/IV_with_Divinity_Matovu_May_2016.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | Google Podcasts | Stitcher | TuneIn | SpotifyWith Mother’s Day coming up, this week’s show features a mother, MBA student, and entrepreneur. Meet Divinity Matovu, founder of MBA Mama  [1:04] Divinity grew up in Wisconsin, attended USC (where she majored in Political Science and African American Studies), and got bit by the social impact and start-up bug. She’s now studying at Wharton as a member of the class of 2017. Her writing has appeared on Fortà © Foundation’s  Business 360 Blog, Fortune Online, the Wharton Journal, and of course the MBA Mama blog. Welcome! What did she do in between USC and Wharton, and what was her path to b-school?  [1:55] She moved to Africa! While an undergrad, she studied in Kenya – her first time living abroad. When she graduated, she moved to Uganda, planning to work for a youth foundation there and ultimately look for jobs in Kenya. As it turned out, she stayed in Uganda, co-founded a youth development organization, met and married her now ex-husband, and ran a non-profit with him. Her experience leading the non-profit there is what ultimately made her decide to pursue b-school: she realized she needed to develop her skills. She returned to the US (pregnant with her daughter), worked for a while, and then started the process of applying to b-school. She started MBA Mama during her application process. What is MBA Mama?  [5:47] It’s an online platform to empower women to navigate family and career strategy. They provide tools and resources to help women be successful in the workplace and at home. Why did she start MBA Mama?  [7:50] She did a couple of pre-MBA programs: the Forte Foundation’s MBA Launch Program and the MLT MBA Prep Program. In the MLT program, a male colleague commented that he felt inspired by watching her go through the process as a single mother. She realized that there isn’t a lot of visibility: you don’t often see mothers on campus. So she bought the MBA Mama domain name, envisioning it (originally) as a blog. She met her cofounder (now an MBA student at Duke) and they’ve been continuing to work on the site and the business model. What products are they planning?  [10:40] Some ideas are partnerships, such as test prep and loan financing. But they’re also designing an innovative childcare solution – it will be tech enabled, taking advantage of the sharing economy. And they’re working on a paid coaching platform matching senior women with younger women (around career and family issues). They also want a coaching platform for aspiring entrepreneurs. They hope to launch these over the next 18 months. What did she hope to get out of her MBA?  [13:00] She wanted to develop her finance knowledge. Also: boost her emotional intelligence and leadership skills. The hardest part of the application process?  [15:10] The GMAT. She took it 3 times. Partly this was because she was going through a difficult time – going through a divorce – and it was difficult to find time to study. Wharton’s TBD- her experience  [16:45] She found it hard to prepare, because she wasn’t sure what to expect, but the interview itself was smooth sailing. Who you are comes out. The most difficult aspect of the interview process?  [17:35] In her personal interview, she had a hard time reading the interviewer. She balances a lot of roles: leader of multiple student groups (African Student Association, Wharton Impact Investing Partners), leader of a business, student, single mother. How does she do it?  [20:00]   She relies on so many people throughout each day: her nanny, friends, classmates, professors. Her classmates have been supportive. Her daughter sometimes sits in on group meetings. Her professors are very supportive and helpful. What’s she enjoying most about Wharton?  [22:10] Her classes- particularly her courses on entrepreneurship. Students are really supportive of each other and she’s learning valuable skills – and putting them straight to work on MBA Mama. Her summer plans  [24:30] Internship in private wealth management Her post-MBA plans  [25:00] She plans a career in finance. MBA Mama is not in conflict with that in any way. She hopes to build up MBA Mama over the next couple of years, and sees potential for it to grow into an asset that major players in the childcare space may want to acquire. Integrating social impact and finance  [26:10] She wants to do work that aligns with both – she wants a foot in the social impact space whatever her career function. Her biggest challenge  [27:40] Last April 25, her mother passed away. She thought about deferring – moving cross country seemed daunting, and a lot of the money she’d saved for the move had gone to funeral expenses. But a Wharton alum reached out and inspired her to continue on the path her mom would have wanted. Her advice to women/mothers considering an MBA  [31:20] 1. See yourself as a value-add to any b-school you would go to. Being a woman who has responsibilities to children/family is a strength. 2. You need to have a plan and be tenacious. 3. Once you get in, speak up! Be confident and make sure your voice is heard. And MBA Mama is happy to help chart the path. Related  Links: †¢Ã‚  MBA Mama †¢ Divinity Matovus website †¢Ã‚  Divinitys interview on Fortune Magazine †¢Ã‚  Divinity discusses Fortà © MBALaunch †¢Ã‚  Get Accepted to Wharton, a webinar. †¢Ã‚  Interview with MBA Mama Founders Related Shows: †¢Ã‚  An HBS Entrepreneur Promoting Career Flexibility †¢Ã‚  The Lauder Institute Changes to Reflect the World †¢Ã‚  From Luxury Marketing to Entrepreneurship: A Talk with Daria Burke †¢Ã‚  Stanford GSB Alum Transforming Online Dating for the Ambitious †¢Ã‚  M.D., Mom, Wife, and Juggler Subscribe: ;

Sunday, May 24, 2020

How will personality affect decision making in the field of banking - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1736 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Different variables that impact the performance of the student at university level, factors may include personality variables like the big five; other factors may include motivation from the teachers, reward n punishment system, facilities available at the university campus, quality of teachers, and potential of student To what extent and which personality traits predict academic performance will be investigated in longitudinal studies of university samples. Academic performance assessed throughout a three years period and via multiple criteria. In addition several indicators of academic behavior such as absenteeism, essay writing, tutors exam predictions, were also examined with regard to both academic performance and personality traits, the Big Five personality factors particularly Neuroticism and Conscientiousness were found to predict overall final exam marks over and above several academic predictors, accounting for more than 10% of unique variance in over all exam marks. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How will personality affect decision making in the field of banking?" essay for you Create order Results suggest that Neuroticism may impair academic performance, while Conscientiousness may lead to higher academic achievement, to be used as the personality measure and results showed the three super factors were the most powerful predictor of academic performance. It is demonstrated that Psychoticism could limit academic success. The present results provide evidence supporting the inclusion of well-established personality measures in academic selection procedures, and run counter to the traditional view of ability measures as the exclusive psychometric correlate of academic performance. Achievement behavior is defined as behavior directed at developing or demonstrating high rather than low ability. Ability can be conceived either with reference to the individuals own past performance or knowledge, a context in which gains in mastery indicate competence, or as capacity relative to that of others, a context in which a gain in mastery alone does not indicate high ability. To demons trate high capacity, one must achieve more with equal effort or use less effort than do others for an equal performance. The conditions under which these different conceptions of ability function as individuals goals and the nature of subjective experience in each case are specified. Different predictions of task choice and performance are derived and tested for each case using data from previously published studies. The effects of task and ego involvement, task choice, and self-perceptions are discussed. Research is to provide meta-analysis of relationship between the 5-factor model of personality as well as central theories of performance motivation (goal-setting, expectancy, and self-efficacy motivation). Traits were organized according to the 5-factor model of personality. Results to indicate that Neuroticism and Conscientiousness can be the strongest and most consistent correlates of performance motivation across the 3 theoretical perspectives that the validity of 3 of the Big Five traitsNeuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness generalized across studies, the Big 5 traits had an average multiple correlation of .49 with the motivational criteria, suggesting that the Big 5 traits are an important source of performance motivation.The causal role of students self-efficacy beliefs and academic goals in self-motivated academic attainment was studied using path analysis procedures. Parental goal setting and students self-efficacy and personal goals at the beginning of the semester served as predictors of students final course grades in social studies. In addition, their grades in a prior course in social studies were included in the analysis. A path model of four self-motivation variables and prior grades predicted students final grades in social studies, Students beliefs in their efficacy for self-regulated learning affected their perceived self-efficacy for academic achievement, which in turn influenced the academic goals they set for themselves and th eir final academic achievement. Students prior grades were predictive of their parents grade goals for them, which in turn were linked to the grade goals students set for themselves. These findings were interpreted in terms of the social cognitive theory of academic self-motivation. Proposes theory of motivation and emotion in which causal ascriptions play key role. Evidence is presented indicating that in achievement-related contexts there are a few dominant causal perceptions, and it is suggested that the perceived causes of success and failure share the 3 common properties of locus, stability, and controllability, with intentionality and global as other possible causal structures. The perceived stability of causes influences changes in expectancy of success; all 3 dimensions of causality affect a variety of common emotional experiences, including anger, gratitude, guilt, hopelessness, pity, pride, and shame. Expectancy and affect, in turn, are presumed to guide motivated behavior . The theory therefore relates the structure of thinking to the dynamics of feeling and action. Analysis of created motivational episode involving achievement strivings is offered, and numerous empirical observations are examined from this theoretical position. The strength of the empirical evidence and the capability of this theory to address prevalent human emotions are stressed, and examples of research on parole decisions, smoking cessation, and helping behavior are presented to illustrate the generalizability of the theory beyond the achievement-related theoretical focus. This research offer strong indications, that the selected antecedents have deep impact on OCB in the Banking Sector of Pakistan. It was expected that geographical, cultural and environmental factors may cause some deviation and contradictions from the results found by earlier researchers who considered only Western culture in their research but to my surprise the values werent much different than those yiel ded by preceding western researches. OCB has a vital importance to an organization; because if personnel are not willing to work and their work directions are not parallel to the organizational objectives then the organization cannot achieve the operational efficiency. As without OCB there wont be much concern present among the employees about the promotion and benefit of the organization. This research included three variables; the first one was Altruism which is also referred to and explained as the selflessness of an employee towards the organization. The applied analyses yield significant results, providing the evidence that H1 is true. The analyses show that the value of the correlation between OCB and Altruism is 0.418**. If the workforce of an organization have the enthusiasm to help one another and are selfless in achieving the organizational goals, it will naturally result in the development of, OCB in the organization and consequently the organization itself. In my researc h area, the Banking Sector of Pakistan, it was observed that the notion of HRM (Human Resource Management) till now, has not rooted deep into the base of the organizations. Incentives for motivation being provided to the employees only include huge financial spurs, keeping in view the economy of the geographic region. Brand Equity Brands, particularly those that are high in brand equity (value of the brand) can be organizations most powerful assets (Herremans et al., 2000). It allows organizations to enjoy high brand loyalty, name awareness, perceived quality and strong brand associations with customers (Bristow et al., 2000). Besides building on long term customer loyalty, organizations with high brand equity can create differential advantage. Bharadwaj et al., (1993) stress that brand equity is important for services that are dominated by experience and credence attributes, such as banking services. Credence attributes include any product or service characteristics that customers cannot determine or evaluate even after purchase or consumption. Berry (2000) adds that there are two components of brand equity brand awareness and brand meaning. Brand meaning is influenced by the customers experience with the organization. Bank factors such as service operation, employees , environment, features, perceived fees value, self brand image, brand aroused feeling and brand personality are used to define brand meaning (Berry, 2000). Below is the brief review of these factors: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Service Operation The bank services sector is highly interactive and process-driven. In order to build a positive and lasting brand perception during the interaction, factors of service quality, such as assurance, responsiveness and empathy must be part and parcel of the customers experience. These factors may lead to customer trust, satisfaction (Zeithaml et al., 1990; Parasuraman et al., 1991), and loyalty (Lovelock and Weitz, 2006). Lacking these factors may create high levels ofcustomer dissatisfaction and generate a strong customer desire to switch to competitor. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Employees Successful service brands derived from carefully nurtured relationships between employees and customers (de Ch ernatony and Riley 1999). The service provided by employees play an important role in customers evaluations of service performance. In fact, the interaction will influence customer satisfaction perception of service quality, future consumption behavior and increase profits for the service organization (Heskett et al., 1994). ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Environment An effective way to make brands tangible is to use as many physical elements as possible that can be associated with the brand. Bitner (1992:62) posits that, the service setting can affect customers emotional, cognitive, and physiological responses, which in turn influence their evaluations and behaviors. Physical environment such as facility aesthetics, layout accessibility, cleanliness, seating comfort, electronic equipment and display (Bitner, 1990, 1992) play a significant effect on customer satisfaction, perceived service quality, intention to repurchase and willingness to recommend. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Features Functional values such as number of branches, technology and accessibility are perceived to be more salient than emotional values in customer decision-making and will be a proxy for branding in relation to bank services (de Chernatony, 2001). ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Perceived Fees Value Price has been identified as an important association in brand image evaluation and a strong quality indicator (Arora and Stoner, 1996). Price value is important point in decision making because customer choice of a brand depends on a perceived balance between the price of a service and its utilities. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Self-Brand Image Padgett and Allen (1997: 202) indicate that a service brand image is made up of the attributes, functional consequences and symbolic meanings customers associate with a specific service. The creation of a good image is considered an intangible asset to organizations (Aaker, 1997). Thus, a brand needs to possess specific brand assets, an image and a salient positioning attribute in order to be successful. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Brand Aroused Feelings Feelings have been recognized for the role it plays in customer decision making (Richins, 1997), and have a profound effect on customer reactions (Boles et al., 2001). In fact, Boles et al., (2001) assert that feelings aroused within a services environment, especially in retail, affect perceived value and purchase intentions. Moreover, past studies on banking services indicate that emotional values or feeling is more sustainable than functional values (de Chernatony and Riley, 1999; Palmer, 2001). ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Brand Personality Brand personality refers to the set of human characteristics associated with a brand (Aaker, 1997). A well established brand personality is said to heighten emotional ties with the bra nd, increase preference and patronage, and develop trust and loyalty (Siguaw and Austin, 1999). Aaker (1997) posits that the dimensions of human personality could be utilized to measure personality of brands. The author identifies 5 dimensions of brand personality, sincerity (honest, cheerful),

Monday, May 18, 2020

How to Keep in Touch with Friends from High School

While college often leads to a new city, a new school, and new friends, your new college life doesnt have to come at the expense of your high school friends. But how exactly can you keep in touch with your friends from high school when youre busy managing all that college has to offer? Use Social Media Things like Facebook and Twitter are likely already a part of your social life. As you transition from high school to college, using social media to keep your friends updated -- and to stay updated about them -- can shift from something of interest to something important for your friendship. With a little work, you can stay informed about relationship updates, school changes, and the overall ups and downs of your friends lives. Use the Phone and Video Chat Using tools like Facebook can be great -- but they are often a rather passive way of keeping in touch with someone. Sure, a friends status update may say one thing, but a heart-to-heart chat on the phone can tell you so much more. While they dont have to happen frequently, phone calls and video chats can be an important part of how you keep in touch with your high school friends. Use IM You really need to finish your paper but your brain needs a break. That being said, you dont necessarily have the time for a phone call or video chat. The solution? Consider a quick IM conversation with one of your high school friends. You can give your brain a break while also checking in with a friend. Consider it a win-win situation (as long as you get back to your paper within a few minutes, of course). Use Email You may be used to communicating via text messages, IM, and video chat, but email can also be a great tool. When its 3:00 in the morning and you need something to do to shift your brain from your Shakespeare paper to sleep mode, consider spending a few minutes drafting an email to an old high school friend. Update them about your own college life while asking for the latest news on their end. Meet Up Whenever Possible ​No matter how great technology is, theres just nothing like a face-to-face meeting. Meeting up in person is important if youd like to maintain your high school relationships both during and after college. Remember, too, that you can meet up in all kinds of places: back in your hometown, at your campus, at your friends campus, or even somewhere fun you both have always wanted to go. (Vegas, anyone?)

Thursday, May 14, 2020

The Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison Essay - 1010 Words

The novel Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison depicts the journey of a young African American man finding his way in the world during the Harlem Renaissance. The unnamed protagonist encounters many obstacles, such as the varying ideas of others, that skew his view of how things are supposed to be in the world. As the protagonist attempts to find the truth about his identity, his naivete causes him to become thrown off as he is confronted by new ideas that he does not fully understand. This process causes him much turmoil as he constantly turns to others to provide the guidance that only he can give himself. Throughout the novel the protagonist struggles to find his own identity as he wholeheartedly adopts the ideas of others, Ellison utilizes†¦show more content†¦After arriving in New York, the protagonist encounters a yam seller on the street. The narrator comments that since the yams look good, he know they are going to taste good as well, the yam seller replies, â€Å"you rig ht, but everything that looks good ain’t necessarily good†(264). Although the narrator believes this statement is just about yams, it actually links to all of the ideas the narrator held throughout the novel up to this point. While the narrator is attending the college, he notices the statue of the Founder lifting the veil off a slave’s head could be interpreted as the veil being lifted or the veil being pushed further down. The statue represents how the ideas of the Founder can be perceived as bad when one is not undermining the wishes of the whites, and they can be viewed as good by others who accept the white authority. This quote also can refer to the Battle Royal and the speech that the narrator gives at his graduation. The narrator believes that the Battle Royal is a good thing, because it means that he gets to present his speech to a white audience that will judge him properly, but in reality the Battle Royal was a terrible abuse of the authority the white s held over the young black men. The protagonist’s naivete creates turmoil and obstacles for him throughout the novel that help shape the narrator and lead to the revelation he hasShow MoreRelatedInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1366 Words   |  6 Pagesfighter left standing, amidst unbridled carnage. The titular narrator of Ralph Ellison s novel Invisible Man, is no stranger to those experiences. In the beginning, he is forced to fight several other black boxers for the amusement of many heckling, white spectators. Through the imaginative use of objects, symbols, allusions, and the actions, thoughts, and purposes of the spectators, pugilists and risquà © entertainment, Ellison seeks to express a powerful image of American race relations and womenRead MoreInvisible, Invisible Man, By Ralph Ellison1994 Words   |  8 PagesInvisible Race and Gender in Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison In Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, the unnamed narrator shows us through the use motifs and symbols how racism and sexism negatively affect the social class and individual identity of the oppressed people. Throughout the novel, the African American narrator tells us the story of his journey to find success in life which is sabotaged by the white-dominated society in which he lives in. Along his journey, we are also shown how the patriarchyRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1246 Words   |  5 Pagesauthor of Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison, was born March 1st, 1914, and died April 16, 1994. He was born in Oklahoma City and named after Ralph Waldo Emerson, a famous journalist and poet. When Ellison was 3, his father died of a work-related accident, leaving his mother to care for him and his younger brother. As a young boy, he always wanted to major in music, and he went to Tuskegee University to become a composer and performer of music. The summer before his senior year in college, Ellison went toRead MoreThe Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison Essay2164 Words   |  9 Pagestrying to rebel against the status quo. Protest literature emerged from the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920’s to 1930’s. Protest literature is used to address real socio-political issues and express objections against them. In his novel, The Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison exposes the racism in society by focusing on the culture, in regards to the expected assimilation of African Americans and how the time period largely influenced the mistreatment of the African American population. He also uses symbolsRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1277 Words   |  6 PagesInvisible Man, by Ralph Ellison, is a story about a young African American man whose color renders him invisible. The theme of racism as a hurdle to individual identity is present throughout the story in a variety of examples. From the beginning of the novel the theme of identity is evident as the narrator states, †Å"All my life I had been looking for something, and everywhere I turned someone tried to tell me what I was† (Ellison, p. 1254). In the midst of living in a racist American society the speakersRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison909 Words   |  4 PagesInvisible Man by Ralph Ellison is a novel which embodies the universal theme of self-discovery, of the search to figure out who one truly is in life which we all are embarked upon. Throughout the text, the narrator is constantly wondering about who he really is, and evaluating the different identities which he assumes for himself. He progresses from being a hopeful student with a bright future to being just another poor black laborer in New Your City to being a fairly well off spokesperson for aRead MoreThe Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison977 Words   |  4 PagesBook Review: Invisible Man Invisible Man is an American Literature novel published by Ralph Ellison in 1952. The novel traces the experiences of a young college black man growing up in Harlem, New York. Attempting to succeed in a predominantly white society, the narrator encounters shocks and disillusionments from being expelled from college to hiding in an underground hole to protect himself from the people above. He lives a repressed life as an â€Å"Invisible Man† for he believes that society ignoresRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1032 Words   |  5 Pageslike modern society some people leads, and others will follow. Subjects will conditionally generate their own ideas and realize these ideas rather than just be assigned tasks that question their beliefs. The author Ralph Ellison illustrates it best. Ellison’s realistic fiction Invisible Man perpetuates the manifestation of manipulation over the minorities in this society. As the narrator embraces every identity he has been given, h e starts to become more independent, and a leader in his community. Read MoreThe Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison3051 Words   |  13 Pagesportrayed through the narrator’s, the invisible man, journey through life. The problems with society are foreshadowed by the racism and the symbols of the color white presented in the paint plant. â€Å"The Invisible Man† by Ralph Ellison depicts the African Americans struggle to be viewed as an equal member of society through the narrators struggles through life to discover his individuality or place in society while the white man or the community conspires to â€Å"keep the black man down†. The story follows theRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1481 Words   |  6 PagesInvisible Man is a novel by Ralph Ellison, published in 1952. It addresses many of the social and intellectual issues facing African-Americans in the early twentieth century. This includes black nationalism, the relationship between black identity a nd Marxism, and the reformist racial policies of Booker T. Washington, as well as issues of individuality and personal identity. The grandson of slaves, Ralph Ellison was born in 1914 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and was raised in Tulsa, Oklahoma. His

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1036 Words

War is seen as nothing but bloodshed. However, for many this allows them to shine in a way that they could not back at home. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, it is placed in the post war era. Gatsby, one of the main protagonists, is a war hero that fought in World War I. World War I is important to The Great Gatsby due to how integrated it is to the past of Gatsby and F. Scott Fitzgerald. In the beginning, Fitzgerald had many people in his life that played an influential part in his literary career. First, his maternal grandfather, Philip F. McQullian, born in Ireland came to America, and opened a successful small business during the Civil War (Bruccoli 11). The inspiration from his grandfather’s success led to the concept of†¦show more content†¦Both Gatsby and Fitzgerald rejected their parents, and in their own minds believe that they had a more fascinating lineage than what they truly had. Gatsby is another part of Fitzgerald both were ashamed of their backgrounds and their meager lineage. When studying at Princeton, Fitzgerald met Ginerva King, she was the woman he could never have, in his eyes that made her even more desirable (Bruccoli 54). This further demonstrates the similarities the Gatsby and Fitzgerald have. For example, Gatsby says, â€Å"It excited him that many men had already loved Daisy – it increased her value in his eyes† (Fitzgerald 149). Both Gatsby and Fitzgerald believed that the more sought after a woman was the more desirable she was in their eyes. Also, like Daisy, Ginerva King stopped correspondence with Fitzgerald, and would marry a man with more money that would support their lifestyles. Soon after ending the relationship with Ginerva, Fitzgerald would sign up for the war (Bruccoli 71). Though, unlike his famous literary character, Gatsby, he did not see any action nor did he obtain any medals of valor such as Gatsby, and as Gatsby is a representation of Fitzgerald the fact that Gatsby is an honored war hero means that Fitzgerald had regrets about his inability to take action in the war effort. Next, World War I was important to The Great Gatsby due to laying the background to the main character of the novel. The war, also called the Great War, was considered the firstShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

A Social Worker At My Sister s House Essay - 976 Words

A social worker is a challenging but yet a rewarding profession. You have to be an active listener, compassionate, supportive, non-judgmental, and an empathetic person to be a great social worker. This week our assignment was to interview a social worker. On 09/17/2015, I had the pleasure to interview a social worker at My Sister’s House in Nashville, NC. I chose My Sister’s House because I use to volunteer there in 2011-2012 as a crisis call taker. I like the services they provide for the community. My Sister’s House is a non-profit organization that helps domestic and sexual abuse victims with housing, emotional and legal resources. The building is an office space between other businesses like a plaza. It is across from Nash County Court House in Nashville, NC. Once you entered the office, it is like a shotgun house. You have the receptionist area and once pass that area, you have offices on each side of the hall. It is quite small, hence they are moving into a new building in Rocky Mount on January 2016. It does not give a warm feeling at all but I think the employees make the victims feel comfortable. The social worker, I interviewed has been employed there since 2012 as a court advocate/social worker. However, she started out as a volunteer a crisis call taker. Her name is Telisa Richardson. Before we got started with the interview, I asked her where did she received her educational credentials. Ms. Richardson told me that she is an alumna of Barton College with aShow MoreRelatedA Social Worker At My Sister s House970 Words   |  4 PagesSocial worker is a challenging but yet a rewarding profession. You have to be an active listener, compassionate, supportive, non-judgmental, and an empathetic person to be a great social worker. This week our assignment was to interview a social worker. On 09/17/2015, I had the pleasure to interview a social worker at My Sister’s House in Nashville, NC. 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However, I was a case manager who received call and tries to referRead MoreWhat Does Soc iology Mean?1585 Words   |  7 Pagesabout some concept and topic such as inequality (social class, social mobility, gender, race and ethnicity), work, economy, marriage, and family. Inequality In my country Saudi Arabia, there is inequality, and it is affected peoples lives. I used to work for Saudi Airlines for five years. In that period, I experienced inequality such as promotions, and training opportunity. That inequality made me angry, and forced me to quit working. My social class is the upper-middle class. I am a 29-year-oldRead MoreThe Teenage Mother Case Study1621 Words   |  7 Pageswith Casey, her six-year-old daughter. Hailey has been referred to social services cell for appropriate social work intervention. She has been engaging in bouts of anger issues and has a history of suffering from binge eating weight loss. 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Bette Ann Markowitz’s situation of taking care of a parent who has Alzheimer is very common;Read MoreThe Importance Of Social Work1507 Words   |  7 PagesSocial workers should be helping others without being judgmental and cultural biases in order to conduct effective and ethical practice. In social work practice, understanding diversity and individual differences are the very important tools to be closely connected to people in need. As a matter of fact, social work strongly emphasizes cultural competence due to the delivery of services to people with different cultures. Cultural competence allows social workers to increase the ability to understandRead MoreMy Step Brother For 1 : I Don t Know Where We re Going1761 Words   |  8 Pages At times like this I envy my younger step-brother for 1) Being able to have my step-father as his biological father 2) To have a childhood 3) To view the world in innocence and 4) To not understand half of what is going on around him. I looked at my sister as we sat together in the back of the car, she looked back at me and gave me a â€Å"Why?† look and I responded back with the â€Å"I don’t know where we’re going.† face. We went back and forth talking back and forth with our facial expression and it bothRead MoreA Woman s Mother And One Brother Are Deceased1538 Words   |  7 Pagesliving provider, Melissa and her family. She is currently unemployed. JG has three biological brothers and two sisters alive. Her mom and one brother are deceased. She communicates frequently with one of her sisters in person and by phone. She is very concerned about one of her brothers who abuse substances. He is homeless and JG has engaged in frequent attempts to sneak out of the house at 4:00 am to search for him. Her efforts have been unsuccessful however, and her caregiver and family are very

Defending my sports Riflery Essay Example For Students

Defending my sports: Riflery Essay I chuckle to myself every time I think about this. I am perceived as a mild-mannered, intelligent individual until I mention that I am involved in riflery. It is interesting to watch someones expression change. It is as if I instantaneously grew a pair of horns and a sharp set of claws. Believe me this gets worst; I am a member of the NRA. I try to tell these folks that I belong to the NRA to fire my rifle. Oh my God! You fire real guns? with real bullets?!? they remark with a perplexed look on their face. Besides having horns and claws, I now possess a tail and leathery wings. This is how it began five years ago. I had played on a soccer team for several years. As I grew older I began having difficulty playing soccer because of shortness of breath. I was diagnosed as having mild asthma which ended my soccer career and eliminated my participation in most physical sports. Shortly afterward, during a Boy Scout summer camp, I participated in riflery at their shooting range. This was the first time I had ever touched a firearm. To my amazement, I won the camps first place award for marksmanship. I was more than eager when a friend of mine asked me if I would like to join a shooting club. My parents were wary when I asked to join the rifle club. My mother feared guns, but my father felt there was no problem with trying this sport. Gratefully, he gave me the opportunity to try rifle marksmanship, despite secretly hoping that I would quit. Both of my parents were afraid of what people would think about their sons involvement with guns. Like my parents a majority of people believe that all firearms are dangerous to our society. All they remember are the hysterical news releases of street violence and injured children. I am often asked how many deer Ive shot. Frankly, I could never bring myself to injure another living creature and neither would most of the competitors I have met. Yet, I keep finding myself defending the sport from all of the misconceptions that surround it. Most people have developed a negative impression of the sport and I have found that these prejudices are difficult, if not impossible, to rectify. Because of this conflict, I have become an open minded individual. I express my opinions without reservation, and I have learned to accept opinions and viewpoints contrary to my own. I do not intend to alter what I enjoy because of the ignorance of friends and acquaintances. If people have a negative view of me simply because of the sport I am active in, then they must be so superficial that they cannot see the person who I really am. I am no longer apprehensive of being perceived as a gun toting, trigger happy fanatic, even though  I still endeavor to educate my friends and relatives on the beauty of this sport.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Debate on Environmental Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Debate on Environmental Management. Answer: Environmental managementrefers to the management by the organization's environmental programs in a widespread, methodical, planned and recognized manner. It consists of the structure of the organization, planning and resources for development, executing and maintaining policy for protection of the environment. Limited Costs and resources The New South Wales Government Resource Efficiency Policy aims to reduce operating costs of the government and guide by example in increasing the efficiency of the resources it makes use of. This policy ensures that the NSW Government agency helps to meet the challenges of the rising costs for energy, water, clean air and wastemanagement (environment.nsw.gov 2017). It shows the leadership by incorporating resource efficiency in the process of decision-making. This policy has replaced the former NSW Government Sustainability Policy under Waste Reduction and Purchasing Policy (WRAPP). The agencies of the government have difficulty to identify projects that reduce the energy bills, energy management, demandmanagement and distributed generation. The Office of the Environment and Heritage works with water companies to collect reliable information that is not easily available on water use to inform about the water consumption baseline for each cluster. The respective agencies are encourage d to recognize and execute definite measures to reduce annual water usage (Lyster et al. 2012). The environmental management seeks to make sure that the services in the ecosystem are protected and maintained for future human generations and maintain the integrity of the ecosystem. Almost all the reforms that encounter resistance they have to do with long-term budgeting practices have an impact on the whole of government. The information is presented in an unclear manner. The ministries in a few cases are reliant on the country and do not have the knowledge to develop performance measures or efficiently monitor performance. This may lead to the passive provision of data that has no real weight in the decision-making process. Feasibility and enforce The environmental laws to be effective have to be enforced by the New South Wales government. The Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, was approved in New South Wales of Australia (Environment.nsw.gov.au 2017). The Act is to establish the system of environmental planning and assessment for the State of New South Wales. In NSW, the environmental law is primarily State-based. The local councils and the State Government Departments make the decisions. The high cost of the equipment for testing for pollutants makes is a significant challenge for the local people wanting to bring civil proceedings. The environmental and planning laws in New South Wales can be enforced through the civil or criminal proceedings combined with a vast range of administrative orders. The Land and Environment Court of New South Wales is a special court, which presides over the environment and the planning matters (Ruming and Davies 2014). The understanding of the laws in general and environmental laws by the public is limited. This is because the environmental laws are written using complicated language that is very difficult for the public to understand. The local people are both polluters and victims of pollution. They are not fully aware of the consequences of their actions. The awareness and capacity of authorities to handle violations of the law is weak with cumbersome procedures to enforce the law. The detection of violations always does not lead to action. When the penalties are issued the fines are often low and there is no requisite for the defendant to take the steps to restore breach. References environment.nsw.gov 2017. NSW Government Resource Efficiency Policy. Office of Environment and Heritage State of NSW. Environment.nsw.gov.au 2017. Environmental Trust | NSW Environment Heritage. [online] Environment.nsw.gov.au. Available at: https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/grants/envtrust.htm [Accessed 12 Aug. 2017]. Lyster, R., Lipman, Z., Franklin, N., Wiffen, G. and Pearson, L., 2012. Environmental and planning law in New South Wales. Ruming, K.J. and Davies, P.J., 2014. To what extent an entirely new approach to how planning is done? Tracing planning system reform in New South Wales.Australian Planner,51(2), pp.122-131.

Saturday, April 11, 2020

US History Placement Test

US History Placement TestA US History College Placement test is similar to a placement test used in the College Board. The test, while not that challenging, will definitely test your knowledge of U.S. history. Here are a few tips on how to ace this course.First, let's look at your goal. This is an essay in which you are trying to compare and contrast the Founding Fathers with each other and the political situations that caused them to take different decisions. You will be using some of the Founding Fathers as examples for the different political decisions they made.The College Board will have an example for each issue that you are trying to examine. While it is recommended that you not take the idea of our founding fathers too seriously, it is not necessary that you are going to have these 'official' examples.You will want to study up on the period in which these people lived and learned, so be sure to use this information when you are writing. By taking the time to do this, you will be able to write and speak the way they did.Most of us probably know a bit about their major. Take the time to do some research on them so that you will be able to write them well. These are the things that you will be trying to show in your essay.Do not use any new words or phrases unless they are grammatically correct. This is one of the reasons why you should study the period in which they lived and learn the language. One of the goals of a Placement Test is to make sure that you are using good grammar and that you are learning the proper phrases.So if you are interested in trying to become a Historian, this is a good place to start. Your main goal will be to show your knowledge of the US and this is what your assignment will be.

Saturday, April 4, 2020

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation free essay sample

Because of the  orthogonality  property of the carrier signals, it is possible to detect the modulating signals independently. In the ideal case  I(t)  is demodulated by multiplying the transmitted signal with a cosine signal: [pic] Using standard  trigonometric identities, we can write it as: [pic] Low-pass filtering  ri(t)  removes the high frequency terms (containing  4? f0t), leaving only the  I(t)  term. This filtered signal is unaffected by  Q(t), showing that the in-phase component can be received independently of the quadrature component. Similarly, we may multiply  s(t)  by a sine wave and then low-pass filter to extract  Q(t). The phase of the received signal is assumed to be known accurately at the receiver. If the demodulating phase is even a little off, it results in  crosstalk  between the modulated signals. This issue ofcarrier synchronization  at the receiver must be handled somehow in QAM systems. The coherent demodulator needs to be exactly in phase with the received signal, or otherwise the modulated signals cannot be independently received. We will write a custom essay sample on Quadrature Amplitude Modulation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example  analog television  systems transmit a burst of the transmitting colour subcarrier after each horizontal synchronization pulse for reference. Analog QAM is used in  NTSC  and  PAL  television systems, where the I- and Q-signals carry the components of chroma (colour) information. Compatible QAM or  C-QUAM  is used in  AM stereo  radio to carry the  stereo difference  information. [edit]Fourier analysis of QAM In the  frequency domain, QAM has a similar spectral pattern to  DSB-SC  modulation. Using the  properties of the Fourier transform, we find that: [pic] here  S(f),  MI(f) and  MQ(f) are the Fourier transforms (frequency-domain representations) of  s(t),  I(t) and  Q(t), respectively. [edit]Quantized QAM [pic] [pic] Digital 16-QAM with example constellation points. Like many digital modulation schemes, the  constellation diagram  is a useful representation. In QAM, the constellation points are usually arranged in a squa re grid with equal vertical and horizontal spacing, although other configurations are possible (e. g. Cross-QAM). Since in digitaltelecommunications  the data are usually  binary, the number of points in the grid is usually a power of 2 (2, 4, 8 . Since QAM is usually square, some of these are rare—the most common forms are 16-QAM, 64-QAM and 256-QAM. By moving to a higher-order constellation, it is possible to transmit more  bits  per  symbol. However, if the mean energy of the constellation is to remain the same (by way of making a fair comparison), the points must be closer together and are thus more susceptible to  noise  and other corruption; this results in a higher  bit error rate  and so higher-order QAM can deliver more data less reliably than lower-order QAM, for constant mean constellation energy. If data-rates beyond those offered by 8-PSK  are required, it is more usual to move to QAM since it achieves a greater distance between adjacent points in the I-Q plane by distributing the points more evenly. The complicating factor is that the points are no longer all the same amplitude and so the  demodulator  must now correctly detect both  phase  and  amplitude, rather than just phase. 64-QAM and 256-QAM are often used in  digital cable  television and  cable modem  applications. In the United States, 64-QAM and 256-QAM are the mandated modulation schemes for  digital cable  (see  QAM tuner) as standardised by the  SCTE  in the standard  ANSI/SCTE 07 2000. Note that many marketing people will refer to these as QAM-64 and QAM-256. In the UK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM are currently used for  digital terrestrial television  (Freeview  and  Top Up TV) and 256-QAM is planned for Freeview-HD. Communication systems designed to achieve very high levels of  spectral efficiency  usually employ very dense QAM constellations. One example is the  ITU-T  G. n  standard for networking over existing home wiring (coaxial cable,  phone lines  and  power lines), which employs constellations up to 4096-QAM (12 bits/symbol). Another example is  VDSL2  technology for copper twisted pairs, whose constellation size goes up to 32768 points. [edit]Ideal structure [edit]Transmitter The following picture shows the ideal structure of a QAM transmitter, wit h a  carrier frequency  f0  and the frequency response of the transmitters filter  Ht: [pic] First the flow of bits to be transmitted is split into two equal parts: this process generates two independent signals to be transmitted. They are encoded separately just like they were in an  amplitude-shift keying  (ASK) modulator. Then one channel (the one in phase) is multiplied by a cosine, while the other channel (in quadrature) is multiplied by a sine. This way there is a phase of 90 ° between them. They are simply added one to the other and sent through the real channel. The sent signal can be expressed in the form: [pic] where  vc[n]  and  vs[n]  are the voltages applied in response to the  nth  symbol to the cosine and sine waves respectively. [edit]Receiver The receiver simply performs the inverse process of the transmitter. Its ideal structure is shown in the picture below with  Hr  the receive filters frequency response  : [pic] Multiplying by a cosine (or a sine) and by a low-pass filter it is possible to extract the component in phase (or in quadrature). Then there is only an  ASK  demodulator and the two flows of data are merged back. In practice, there is an unknown phase delay between the transmitter and receiver that must be compensated by  synchronization  of the receivers local oscillator, i. e. the sine and cosine functions in the above figure. In mobile applications, there will often be an offset in the relative  frequency  as well, due to the possible presence of a Doppler shift proportional to the relative velocity of the transmitter and receiver. Both the phase and frequency variations introduced by the channel must be compensated by properly tuning the sine and cosine components, which requires a  phase reference, and is typically accomplished using a  Phase-Locked Loop (PLL). In any application, the low-pass filter will be within  hr  (t): here it was shown just to be clearer. [edit]Quantized QAM performance The following definitions are needed in determining error rates: M  = Number of symbols in modulation constellation Eb  = Energy-per-bit Es  = Energy-per-symbol =  kEb  with  k  bits per symbol N0  =  Noise  power spectral density  (W/Hz) Pb  =  Probability  of bit-error Pbc  = Probability of bit-error per carrier Ps  = Probability of symbol-error Psc  = Probability of symbol-error per carrier [pic]. Q(x)  is related to the  complementary Gaussian error function  by:  [pic], which is the probability that  x  will be under the tail of the Gaussian  PDF  towards positive  infinity. The error rates quoted here are those in  additive  white  Gaussian noise  (AWGN). Where  coordinates  for constellation points are given in this article, note that they represent a  non-normalised  constellation. That is, if a particular mean average energy were required (e. g. unit average energy), the constellation would need to be linearly scaled. [edit]Rectangular QAM [pic] [pic] Constellation diagram  for rectangular 16-QAM. Rectangular QAM constellations are, in general, sub-optimal in the sense that they do not maximally space the constellation points for a given energy. However, they have the considerable advantage that they may be easily transmitted as two  pulse amplitude modulation  (PAM) signals on quadrature carriers, and can be easily demodulated. The non-square constellations, dealt with below, achieve marginally better bit-error rate (BER) but are harder to modulate and demodulate. The first rectangular QAM constellation usually encountered is 16-QAM, the constellation diagram for which is shown here. A  Gray coded  bit-assignment is also given.